Ambitious project aims to protect America from advanced missile threats by 2029

US President Donald Trump on Tuesday announced plans for a new missile defense system called the Golden Dome. Deriving its name from Israel’s Iron Dome, the Golden Dome will be operational by 2029, when Trump’s term in office ends. Making the announcement, Trump said the Golden Dome could intercept missiles “even if they are launched from space”.

The proposed defense shield represents a significant expansion beyond existing capabilities, targeting threats far more sophisticated than those faced by America’s allies. While Israel’s Iron Dome is used against short-range rockets, primarily from Hamas, the Golden Dome is intended to fight off far bigger and more advanced threats. Unlike Israel, which has a small and flat desert terrain, the US is 400 times larger and more varied.

Designed to counter advanced threats from rival powers

The US could also face more sophisticated attacks. While Israel’s Iron Dome intercepts missiles and rockets that are slow and low-altitude, Russia and China have intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), including those that travel at hypersonic speeds.

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A report by NPR states that space-based interceptors will likely form the conduit of the Golden Dome system. The concept involves a network of satellites that can detect and destroy missiles shortly after launch — ideally during their boost phase, when they are most vulnerable.

Technical challenges and massive scale requirements

However, building such a space-based defense network could face enormous logistical hurdles.

Since satellites are constantly orbiting the Earth, they wouldn’t always be positioned over the correct launch site at the right moment. Addressing this would require a massive constellation of satellites, with some estimates suggesting as many as 16,000 interceptors in orbit.

Such a system is theoretically feasible, as shown by Starlink, the satellite internet network developed by Elon Musk, a close advisor to Trump. But turning that into a missile defense framework would be enormously expensive and complex.

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