Watching a hit TV show or listening to a pop song is a harmless pastime in most parts of the world. In North Korea, it can be a death sentence. According to new testimony collected by Amnesty International, North Korean citizens, including teenagers, have faced public executions, years in forced labor camps, or brutal “re-education” for watching South Korean TV dramas like Squid Game or listening to K-pop music. The findings expose how deeply the regime fears foreign culture—and how entertainment itself has become a political threat.

What Is the “Crime” North Koreans Are Being Punished For?

The offense is simple: Consuming South Korean or other foreign media.

Amnesty International interviewed 25 North Korean defectors who escaped the country between 2018 and 2023. Their accounts describe a system where watching a South Korean drama, listening to K-pop, or sharing foreign media is treated as an act of ideological betrayal.

This includes globally popular content such as

• Squid Game, the South Korean survival drama
• K-pop music, including artists like BTS

Several defectors said they personally knew of students and young people who were executed or sent to labor camps after being caught with such content.

Are These Isolated Incidents or a Pattern?

Amnesty says the evidence points to a pattern, not one-off cases.

Reported Executions Across Provinces

• In Yanggang Province, defectors described executions of high school students accused of watching Squid Game.
• Similar cases were reported earlier in North Hamgyong Province, where a person was allegedly executed in 2021 for distributing South Korean media.
• In Sinuiju, tens of thousands of residents were reportedly forced to witness a public execution tied to foreign media distribution.

Accounts from different regions and years show consistent enforcement, suggesting centralized policy rather than local excess.

Why Is South Korean Culture So Dangerous to Pyongyang?

To the North Korean regime, South Korean entertainment is not just “foreign,” it is subversive.

The Ideological Threat

South Korean dramas and music depict:

• Personal freedom
• Romantic choice
• Consumer comfort
• A modern, prosperous Korean society

These images directly contradict the state narrative that portrays South Korea as impoverished, corrupt, and oppressed by the West. Exposure risks undermining loyalty to the ruling Kim family and the ideology that sustains it.

Amnesty describes the country as an “ideological cage,” where curiosity itself is treated as rebellion.

The Law Behind the Crackdown

The current wave of repression is rooted in the 2020 Anti-Reactionary Thought and Culture Act.

Under the law:

• Watching or listening to South Korean media can result in 5–15 years of forced labor
• Distributing such content can lead to execution
• Language, slang, fashion, and even hairstyles influenced by South Korea are criminalized

The law effectively turns culture into contraband.

Who Enforces These Rules?

Defectors consistently named a special police unit known as the “109 Group.”

How the 109 Group Operates

• Conducts surprise raids on homes and schools
• Inspects phones, USB drives, and laptops
• Operates without warrants or legal oversight

Fifteen interviewees said officers openly demanded bribes during raids, sometimes warning families that they needed money to “pay superiors” for protection.

Why Money Can Mean Life or Death

One of Amnesty’s most striking findings is how corruption shapes punishment.

Unequal Justice

• Wealthy families can pay bribes—sometimes up to $10,000—to avoid detention
• Poor families face the harshest penalties, including labor camps or execution
• Some reportedly sold their homes to raise money to save relatives

A defector named Choi Suvin summed it up bluntly:

“For the same offense, the outcome depends entirely on how much money you have.”

Another escapee said he was caught watching South Korean dramas three times but avoided punishment due to family connections. His classmates were not as lucky.

Why Public Executions Are Still Used

Public executions serve a specific purpose: intimidation.

Several defectors said schoolchildren were forced to attend executions as part of ideological training. The message was unmistakable—foreign culture equals death.

These spectacles reinforce fear, discourage curiosity, and remind citizens that the state controls not just speech, but thought.

How Does This Fit Into North Korea’s Broader Strategy?

The crackdown reflects growing anxiety inside Pyongyang.

Smuggled USB drives, Chinese mobile phones, and South Korean broadcasts have made it harder to seal the country from outside influence. As information leaks in, the regime has responded not with reform, but with harsher punishment.

Amnesty’s deputy regional director, Sarah Brooks, said the system blends repression with corruption:

“Watching a TV show can cost you your life, unless you can afford to pay.”

Why This Matters Globally

This is not just a human rights story. It’s a warning about the power of culture.

South Korean entertainment—exported worldwide as soft power—has become powerful enough to frighten one of the world’s most closed regimes. That fear explains the brutality.

TL;DR

• North Koreans can face execution or forced labor for watching South Korean dramas or K-pop.
• Amnesty International says the crackdown is systematic, not isolated.
• Enforcement is driven by the 2020 Anti-Reactionary Thought and Culture Act.
• Corruption determines who survives—money can buy freedom.
• Public executions are used to instill fear and ideological control.